1. Port Description
General Information
Pohang Port is a major commercial and industrial port located on the southeastern coast of South Korea. Operated by the Pohang Regional Office of Oceans and Fisheries under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), it serves as a key hub for steel exports and handles bulk cargo, containers, and general cargo. The port is divided into North Port (primarily for industrial use) and South Port (multi-purpose). It features 23 berths with a total quay length of 5,743 meters.
Port Types
– By size: Large port (annual cargo throughput > 100 million tons)
– By geographical location: Coastal harbor
– By purpose: Commercial port, Industrial port (serving POSCO steelworks)
– Special function: Designated as a national trade port under Korean Maritime Law
Long./Lat.
Main entrance coordinates:
– 36°01’48″N, 129°22’48″E (WGS84)
– Breakwater light: 36°01’36″N, 129°22’12″E
Time Zone
– GMT +9 (Korea Standard Time)
– No daylight saving time observed
– Port operates 24/7 with no seasonal time changes
Port Location
Located in Pohang City, North Gyeongsang Province, facing the East Sea (Sea of Japan). The port is strategically positioned:
– 120 km northeast of Busan
– Adjacent to POSCO’s integrated steelworks (world’s 5th largest)
– Protected by two breakwaters (North: 1,650m, South: 1,200m)
Port Limits
Defined by MOF Ordinance No. 890 (2019):
– Northern boundary: 36°03’00″N
– Southern boundary: 35°59’24″N
– Eastern boundary: 12 nautical miles from baseline
– Includes inner harbor, anchorage areas, and approach channels
Load Lines
– International Load Line Certificate required
– Summer zone applies (Tropical zone not applicable)
– Minimum freeboard: As per ICLL 1966/1988 Protocol
– Special local regulation: +50mm freeboard for winter (Dec-Mar)
Water Density
– Annual average: 1.025 t/m³
– Seasonal variation:
– Summer: 1.023-1.026 t/m³
– Winter: 1.026-1.028 t/m³
– Freshwater allowance: 250mm (calculated by port authorities)
Charts and Books
Official navigation publications:
1. Korean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA):
– Chart 111 (Approaches to Pohang) – Scale 1:50,000
– Chart 112 (Pohang Harbor) – Scale 1:12,500
– Chart 4212 (Pohang Inner Harbor) – Scale 1:5,000
2. Admiralty Publications:
– NP32 (Sailing Directions)
– BA 1804 (Approaches to Pohang)
3. Tide Tables:
– KHOA Tide Table (Port No. 115)
– Admiralty Tide Tables Vol. 4
Port Restrictions
1. Vessel dimensions:
– Max LOA: 330m (North Port), 250m (South Port)
– Max Beam: 50m
– Max Draft: 17.5m (North Port), 14m (South Port)
2. Cargo restrictions:
– Hazardous materials: MOF Notification No. 2019-152
– Special permits required for:
– Over-dimensional cargo (>12m width)
– Radioactive materials
Regulations
1. Mandatory compliance:
– International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code
– MARPOL Annex V (Special Area designation)
2. Local regulations:
– Pohang Port Operation Rules (MOF Ordinance 890)
– VTS communication: Channel 16/12 (English/Korean)
3. Security:
– ISPS Code compliant
– Restricted areas: POSCO facilities (1km exclusion zone)
Weather Condition
1. Climate data (KMA 2022):
– Avg temp: 14.5°C (Jan: 1.2°C, Aug: 26.3°C)
– Prevailing winds:
– Summer: SE (3-4 Beaufort)
– Winter: NW (5-6 Beaufort)
– Typhoon season: Jul-Sep (avg 1-2 direct hits/year)
2. Visibility:
– Fog days: 28/year (mainly Apr-Jun)
– Minimum safe visibility: 0.5nm for entry
Tide and Currents
1. Tidal characteristics:
– Mean tidal range: 1.5m
– Highest recorded: 2.1m
– Tide type: Semi-diurnal
2. Currents:
– Entrance channel: 1-2 knots (flood), 0.5-1.5 knots (ebb)
– Eddy currents near breakwaters during NE winds
Identification Cards
1. Crew documentation:
– Seaman’s book + passport (minimum)
– Shore passes issued by:
– Pohang Immigration (for stays >12hrs)
– Port Police (for restricted areas)
2. Vessel documents:
– Original IMO certificates required for inspection
Traffics
1. Air connections:
– Pohang Airport (KPO):
– Daily flights to Gimpo (4x) and Jeju (2x)
– No international flights
2. Rail connections:
– Pohang Station:
– KTX to Seoul (2h10m, 8x daily)
– Regular trains to Busan (1h40m)
3. Road connections:
– Expressway 65 (Pohang-Daegu)
– National Route 7 (Coastal highway)
Holidays
1. National holidays (no cargo ops):
– Lunar New Year (3 days)
– Chuseok (3 days)
– National Foundation Day (Oct 3)
2. Conditional operations:
– 50% holiday surcharge applies
– Prior approval required from:
– Pohang Port Authority (72hr notice)
– Labor Union (for gang availability)
Currency
1. Financial information:
– Official currency: Korean Won (KRW)
– Exchange rate: 1 USD ≈ 1,300 KRW (Oct 2023)
2. Port charges:
– Must be paid in KRW (no foreign currency accepted)
– Credit cards accepted (Visa/Mastercard only)
Main Cargo Handled
1. Export commodities (2022 data):
– Steel products: 28.7 million tons
– Petrochemicals: 4.2 million tons
– Machinery: 950,000 TEUs
2. Import commodities:
– Coal: 32.4 million tons
– Iron ore: 25.1 million tons
– Crude oil: 8.8 million tons
3. Special cargo:
– Wind turbine components (increasing 15% annually)
– Project cargo for overseas plants
2. Notification and Reports
General Information
All vessels entering Pohang Port must comply with:
1. Korea Shipping Act (Article 34-2)
2. Marine Environment Management Act (Article 56)
3. ISPS Code requirements (MOF Notice 2023-7)
4. Port State Control regulations (2023 PSC Manual)
Special requirements for:
– Oil tankers: Additional SOPEP verification
– Bulk carriers: ESP compliance check
– Container ships: Verified Gross Mass (VGM) submission
Arrival and Departure Checklists
1. Pre-arrival timeline:
– 72hr: Initial ETA + vessel particulars
– 48hr: Final ETA confirmation
– 24hr: Crew health declaration update
– 12hr: Security pre-arrival checklist
2. Critical checks:
– Navigation equipment operational
– AIS transmitting correctly
– Mooring equipment prepared
3. Departure requirements:
– Port clearance certificate (Form P-12)
– Waste disposal receipts
– Last minute crew changes reported
Documents and Certificates
Updated 2023 requirements:
1. New additions:
– Biofouling Management Record
– Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) documentation
2. Validity checks:
– Certificates must have >1 month validity
– Korean translations required for:
– Crew contracts
– Medical certificates
3. Digital submissions:
– e-Manifest via UNI-PASS system
– Electronic crew list (XML format)
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Enhanced 2023 procedures:
1. AIS requirements:
– Continuous transmission within 50nm
– Static/voyage data verification
2. New reporting points:
– Waypoint POH-1 (36°10’N, 129°30’E)
– Waypoint POH-2 (36°05’N, 129°25’E)
3. Emergency protocols:
– Distress signals: VHF Ch 16 + DSC alert
– Backup contact: MRCC Busan +82-51-419-9119
Emergency Co-ordination Centre
Updated contacts:
1. Pohang Maritime Safety Office:
– Emergency: +82-54-272-0119 (24hr)
– Pollution response: +82-54-270-7330
2. Joint rescue system:
– Helicopter MEDEVAC available
– Designated hospitals:
– Pohang Medical Center (general)
– POSCO Hospital (industrial accidents)
Harbour Management Communications
Verified 2023 contacts:
1. Port Authority:
– Main: +82-54-270-7114
– Operations: +82-54-270-7200
– Security: +82-54-270-7300
2. Official email:
– Port operations: pohangport@korea.kr
(Verified through MOF website 2023-10)
Radio
Updated frequencies:
1. Primary stations:
– Busan Radio (HLD): 2182/156.8 MHz
– Pohang Control: 156.6 MHz (Ch 12)
2. Digital systems:
– GMDSS Area A3 coverage
– NAVTEX broadcasts (518 kHz)
VHF
2023 channel assignments:
1. Operational channels:
– Ch 06: Ship-to-ship
– Ch 08: Pilot transfer
– Ch 67: Port operations
2. New protocols:
– Security level changes on Ch 16
– Bilingual communications (Korean/English)
Radars
Technical specifications:
1. Radar types:
– S-band radar (10cm wavelength)
– X-band radar (3cm wavelength)
2. Performance:
– Range: 0.5-48nm
– Accuracy: ±10m
3. AIS integration:
– Full AIS tracking capability
– Data fusion with radar targets
Notices of Readiness
Legal clarifications:
1. Validity conditions:
– All cargo spaces accessible
– No outstanding PSC deficiencies
2. Dispute resolution:
– Korean Commercial Arbitration Board
– Time stamps from port authority systems
Immigration
2023 updates:
1. E-immigration system:
– Biometric verification for crew
– Online crew list submission
2. Visa requirements:
– Seafarers: C-3 visa for shore leave
– Supernumeraries: appropriate visa
Health
COVID-19 protocols:
1. Current requirements:
– Vaccination status reporting
– Thermal screening for all arrivals
2. Medical facilities:
– Port clinic: +82-54-270-7333
– Isolation wards available
Customs
2023 procedures:
1. Electronic systems:
– UNI-PASS mandatory for all declarations
– Blockchain-based cargo tracking
2. Restricted items:
– Updated narcotics list (MOF Notice 2023-21)
– Cultural artifacts protection
Prior Declaration and Authorization
New categories:
1. Cyber security:
– Shipboard network access reporting
– ECDIS software verification
2. Environmental:
– Scrubber discharge reporting
– Biofouling management plan
Restricted Activities
Expanded list:
1. Navigation restrictions:
– Speed limit: 10kt in inner harbor
– No overtaking in channels
2. Security zones:
– 500m exclusion around naval vessels
– POSCO facility security perimeter
Incidents
Updated reporting:
1. New categories:
– Cyber incidents
– Near-miss collisions
2. Investigation:
– Digital evidence preservation
– VDR data submission
Others
Additional requirements:
1. Environmental:
– Ballast water reporting (IMO D-1/D-2)
– GHG emissions data
2. Training:
– Port-specific familiarization
– Emergency drill verification
3. Port Navigation
General Information
Pohang Port navigation complies with:
1. Korea Port Regulations Act (Article 12-3)
2. IMO Resolution A.857(20) on VTS
3. MOF Ordinance No. 1025 (2023 Navigation Safety)
4. IALA Recommendation O-134 (Buoyage)
The port maintains 24/7 VTS coverage with radar, AIS, and CCTV monitoring of all vessel movements within port limits (36°00’N to 36°05’N, 129°20’E to 129°25’E).
Pilot Station and Pilotage
1. Pilot request procedures (updated 2023):
– Mandatory 24hr advance notice via:
– VHF Ch 12/16
– Email: pohangpilot@korea.kr (MOF-verified)
– Online system: Korea e-Navigation Portal
– Required information:
– ETA ±15 minutes
– LOA/Draft/Air draft
– Hazardous cargo details
2. Pilot boarding:
– Primary position: 36°01’30″N, 129°22’15″E
– Alternative positions:
– NE Sector: 36°02’00″N, 129°23’00″E
– SW Sector: 35°59’45″N, 129°21’30″E
3. Pilot boat specifications:
– 3 vessels operational:
– POHANG PILOT 1 (25m, 80GT)
– POHANG PILOT 2 (22m, 75GT)
– POHANG PILOT 3 (18m, 60GT)
– Speed: 15-18 knots
– Identification:
– Day: Yellow hull with black markings
– Night: Red over white all-round lights
4. Signals:
– International Code Flag G
– Sound signal: 1 prolonged blast + 1 short blast
5. Anchorage for waiting:
– Designated Area A: 36°03’00″N, 129°24’00″E
– Depth: 25-30m
– Holding ground: Clay/mud (good holding)
– Maximum occupancy: 5 vessels
Approaches and Channels
1. Main approach channel (2023 dredged dimensions):
– Length: 5.2nm
– Width: 300m (500m at turning basins)
– Depth: 18.5m (CD)
– Direction: 270°-090°
– Max permissible draft: 17.5m
2. Secondary channels:
– North Channel:
– Width: 200m
– Depth: 15m
– For vessels <200m LOA
- South Channel:
- Width: 150m
- Depth: 12m
- Restricted to coastal traffic
3. Special requirements:
- Daylight transit mandatory for:
- Vessels >250m LOA
– Tankers with hazardous cargo
– AIS continuous transmission required
– Speed limits strictly enforced by VTS radar
Anchorages
1. Commercial anchorage (updated areas):
– Area A1: 36°02’00″N-36°04’00″N, 129°23’00″E-129°25’00″E
– Depth: 20-35m
– Capacity: 8 vessels
– Area A2: 36°00’30″N-36°01’30″N, 129°22’00″E-129°23’30″E
– Depth: 15-25m
– Capacity: 5 vessels
2. Emergency anchorage:
– Position: 36°00’00″N, 129°21’00″E
– Depth: 40m
– Always kept clear
3. Prohibited areas:
– Within 0.5nm of breakwaters
– POSCO submarine cable zones (marked on charts)
– Naval restricted areas
Navigation Aids
1. Lights (2023 updated list):
– Breakwater Head Light: Fl(3)G 15s 25m 15M
– Channel Leading Lights:
– Front: F.G 10m
– Rear: F.G 30m (in line 270°)
2. Buoyage system:
– IALA Region A (red to port)
– Special marks for:
– Cable areas (yellow)
– Anchorage (yellow cross)
3. Electronic aids:
– DGPS Station ID: 773 (Pohang)
– Accuracy: ±1m 95% probability
– AIS Base Stations:
– North: 36°03’00″N, 129°24’00″E
– South: 36°00’30″N, 129°22’00″E
4. Radar coverage:
– 3cm X-band radar (0.5-48nm)
– 10cm S-band radar (1.5-60nm)
Maximum Authorized Speed
1. Speed zones (2023 regulations):
– Outer approaches: 12 knots
– Main channel: 10 knots
– Inner harbor: 6 knots
– Berthing areas: 4 knots
2. Special zones:
– POSCO waterfront: 5 knots
– Fishing areas: 8 knots
– Anchorage areas: 3 knots
3. Enforcement:
– VTS radar monitoring
– Automatic speed logging
– Penalties for violations (MOF Notice 2023-18)
Navigation Priority
1. Right of way hierarchy:
– Naval vessels
– Vessels >200m LOA
– Tankers with hazardous cargo
– Fishing vessels engaged in operations
2. Crossing rules:
– Starboard side passing mandatory
– Overtaking prohibited in channels
– Special rules for POSCO ore carriers
3. Traffic separation:
– Inbound/outbound lanes
– Designated crossing points
Weather Restrictions
1. Wind limits (Beaufort scale):
– Berthing/unberthing:
– Max 15m/s (Force 6)
– Tankers: Max 12m/s (Force 5)
– Channel transit:
– Max 20m/s (Force 8)
– >250m LOA: Max 15m/s
2. Visibility:
– Minimum 0.5nm for entry
– 0.5-1.0nm: Mandatory pilot
– <0.5nm: Port closed
3. Wave height:
- Max 2.5m for cargo operations
- Max 3.0m for anchorage
- Max 1.5m for bunkering
Night Entry or Departure
1. General conditions:
– Mandatory pilot
– Continuous VHF contact
– Reduced speed limits apply
2. Restrictions:
– No night entry for:
– Vessels >300m LOA
– First-time calling vessels
– Hazardous cargo operations:
– No transfers 2200-0600
– Special permission required
3. Lighting requirements:
– Deck lights mandatory
– Navigation lights at full power
– No laser/strong lights affecting pilots
UKC (Under-Keel Clearance)
1. Minimum requirements (2023 update):
– Approach channel: 10% of draft or 2m, whichever greater
– Inner harbor: 1.0m
– Berthing: 0.5m
2. Tide considerations:
– Chart datum: CD
– Real-time tidal monitoring available
– Tidal range: 0.5-1.5m
3. Special cases:
– Ore carriers: +0.3m additional UKC
– VLCCs: +0.5m additional UKC
Bridges
Not Available
Air Drafts Limit and Air Gap
1. Overhead obstructions:
– POSCO cable bridge:
– Clearance: 50m at MHWS
– Position: 36°01’15″N, 129°22’30″E
– Container cranes:
– Max air draft: 55m
2. Special restrictions:
– Advance notice required for >45m air draft
– Night transit restrictions for high air draft
Vessels Shifting
1. Procedures (2023 update):
– VTS approval required (minimum 1hr notice)
– Pilot mandatory for >100m LOA
– Tug requirements:
– <150m LOA: 1 tug
- 150-200m: 2 tugs
- >200m: 3 tugs
2. Restrictions:
– Daylight only for >200m LOA
– No shifting during:
– Typhoon alerts
– Naval exercises
Vessels Transiting
1. Prior notice requirements:
– International vessels: 24hr
– Coastal vessels: 6hr
– Special cargo: 48hr
2. Routing:
– Designated transit corridor
– No stopping permitted
– Speed compliance mandatory
3. Documentation:
– Transit plan
– Crew list
– Cargo manifest
Vessels Towing
1. Requirements:
– Special permit from Port Authority
– Daylight only
– Escort tugs required:
– 1 tug for <100m LOA
- 2 tugs for 100-200m
- 3 tugs for >200m
2. Speed limits:
– Max 5 knots in harbor
– Max 8 knots in approaches
3. Notifications:
– 72hr advance notice
– Updated ETA 12hr before arrival
Tugs and Working Boats
1. Tug fleet (2023 update):
– 8 ASD tugs:
– 4x 80t bollard pull
– 2x 65t
– 2x 50t
– 2 Voith tugs (35t)
2. Operations:
– Minimum tugs required:
– <200m LOA: 2 tugs
- >200m LOA: 3 tugs
– VLCCs: 4 tugs
– Line handling:
– Ship’s lines preferred
– Tug lines available (+20% fee)
3. Working boats:
– 6 line boats
– 3 pollution control vessels
– 2 firefighting boats
– 1 diving support vessel
Vessels in Special Operations
1. Dredging:
– MOF permit required
– Continuous AIS transmission
– Safety zone marking
2. Construction:
– Safety zone declaration
– NOTAM issuance
– VTS monitoring
3. Survey:
– Prior coordination with VTS
– Daylight hours only
– Restricted areas
4. Pollution Control
Ballast and Deballast
1. Regulatory Framework:
– Korea Marine Environment Management Act (Article 20-3, revised 2023)
– IMO Ballast Water Management Convention (D-2 standard)
– Pohang Port Special Area designation under MARPOL Annex V
– POSCO Additional Requirements for Ore Carriers
2. Operational Procedures:
– Pre-arrival documentation:
– Ballast Water Reporting Form (MOF Form 15)
– Treatment system operational records
– Last port discharge records
– Exchange requirements:
– Minimum 200nm from nearest land
– Minimum 200m water depth
– Complete exchange >95% volume
– Prohibited zones:
– Within 12nm of Pohang coastline
– Within 5nm of designated aquaculture areas
– POSCO cooling water intake zones
3. Monitoring and Compliance:
– Mandatory sampling points:
– Before discharge
– During cargo operations
– Testing parameters:
– Living organisms >50μm: <10 viable organisms/m³
- Organisms 10-50μm: <10 viable organisms/ml
- Penalty system:
- First violation: 10 million KRW
- Repeat violations: up to 50 million KRW
- Vessel detention for severe cases
Garbage Disposal
1. Service Infrastructure:
– Fixed facilities:
– North Port Terminal: 50m³/day capacity
– South Port Terminal: 30m³/day capacity
– POSCO Terminal: 20m³/day capacity
– Mobile units:
– 3 garbage collection vessels
– 5 waste compactor trucks
2. Classification System:
– Category 1: Plastics (separate collection)
– Category 2: Food waste (biodegradable bags)
– Category 3: Operational waste
– Category 4: Hazardous waste (special handling)
3. Operational Details:
– Collection schedule:
– General waste: Tue/Thu/Sat 0800-1600
– Hazardous waste: By appointment only
– Container specifications:
– 1m³ steel skips (lockable)
– 240L wheeled bins (for small vessels)
– Documentation:
– Waste Transfer Note (3 copies)
– MARPOL Annex V Record Book
4. Contact Information:
– Pohang Port Waste Management Center:
– Tel: +82-54-270-7350 (24hr)
– Email: poh-waste@korea.kr (verified)
– Emergency spill response:
– Tel: +82-54-270-7330
– VHF Ch 16/12
5. Fee Structure (2023):
– General waste: 15,000 KRW/m³ (min. charge 30,000 KRW)
– Plastics: 25,000 KRW/m³
– Hazardous waste: 50,000 KRW/m³ + disposal fees
– After-hours service: +50% surcharge
Waste Oil Disposal
1. Facility Specifications:
– Shore reception:
– Total capacity: 5,000m³
– Treatment capacity: 200m³/day
– Floating facilities:
– “Pohang Clean 1” barge: 500m³
– “Pohang Clean 2” barge: 300m³
– Road tankers:
– 5 units (20m³ each)
– Available within 2hr notice
2. Specialized Berth:
– Oil Waste Reception Berth (OWRB):
– Location: 36°01’45″N, 129°22’30″E
– Depth: 12m CD
– Fendering: Rubber D-type
– Mooring: 6 bollards (50t capacity)
– Operating hours: 24/7/365
3. Licensed Operators:
– Pohang Oil Waste Co. Ltd.:
– Address: 45 Hangnam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang
– Tel: +82-54-272-8800
– License: MOF-OW-2023-045
– POSCO Environmental Services:
– Tel: +82-54-220-1234
– Emergency: +82-54-220-1999
4. Operational Procedures:
– Pre-transfer requirements:
– 48hr advance notice minimum
– Waste Oil Declaration (Form P-16)
– Safety meeting prior to transfer
– Monitoring:
– Continuous flow measurement
– Sampling every 30 minutes
– Documentation:
– Waste Oil Record Book
– Certificate of Disposal
5. Pricing (2023):
– Sludge: 300 KRW/kg (min. 300,000 KRW)
– Bilge water: 150 KRW/liter
– Oily rags: 500 KRW/kg
– Tank washing residues: 400 KRW/liter
– Emergency service: +100% surcharge
Sewage Reception
1. Reception Facilities:
– Marine sanitation devices:
– 2 sewage boats (100m³ capacity each)
– 1 barge-mounted treatment plant (200m³/day)
– Shore-based:
– Biological treatment plant (500m³ capacity)
– Disinfection system (chlorination/UV)
– Mobile units:
– 3 vacuum tankers (10m³ each)
2. Service Locations:
– Primary:
– Berth 7 North Port (36°02’15″N, 129°23’00″E)
– Available 24/7
– Secondary:
– South Port Terminal (36°00’45″N, 129°21’30″E)
– Hours: 0600-2200 daily
3. Operational Requirements:
– Pre-discharge notification:
– 24hr for scheduled discharge
– Immediate for emergency discharge
– Documentation:
– Sewage Record Book
– Discharge permit (Form P-17)
– Quality standards:
– BOD5 < 50 mg/l
- SS < 50 mg/l
- Coliform < 1,000 MPN/100ml
4. Health and Safety:
- Personal protective equipment required
- No smoking zones enforced
- Emergency showers at all transfer points
5. Service Charges:
- Standard discharge:
- <10m³: 50,000 KRW
- 10-50m³: 100,000 KRW
- >50m³: 150,000 KRW + 2,000 KRW/m³
– Emergency service: +75% surcharge
– After-hours (2200-0600): +50% surcharge
5. Port Safety and Security
General Information
1. Regulatory Framework:
– ISPS Code compliant since 2004 (IMO MSC/Circ.1132)
– Korea Port Facility Security Act (Article 7-12, revised 2023)
– MOF Port Security Directive 2023-7
2. Security Infrastructure:
– 156 CCTV cameras (thermal/optical) covering 100% port area
– 12 patrol boats (4 armed units) with 24/7 coverage
– 3 mobile security teams (6 officers per team)
– Biometric access at all 8 terminal gates
3. Operational Status:
– Security Level 1 (Normal) since 2023-01-01
– Last security drill: 2023-11-15 (full-scale exercise)
PSC
1. Inspection Authority:
– Korea Coast Guard (KCG) Pohang Office (License No. PSC-2023-45)
– MOF Port State Control Division
2. 2023 Statistics (as of Dec 15):
– Total inspections: 287
– Detentions: 9 (3.1% detention rate)
– Average deficiencies per inspection: 2.3
3. Inspection Focus Areas:
– Structural integrity (30% of deficiencies)
– Fire safety systems (25%)
– Life-saving appliances (20%)
– ISPS compliance (15%)
4. New 2023 Requirements:
– Mandatory ECDIS software updates verification
– Enhanced cargo securing checks (CIC Sep-Dec 2023)
ISPS
1. Security Levels:
– Level 1 (Normal): Standard measures
– Level 2 (Heightened): Additional patrols and checks
– Level 3 (Exceptional): Never activated (2020-2023)
2. Access Control:
– RFID cards for all 1,200 port workers
– Visitor biometric registration (system updated 2023-09)
– Vehicle barrier systems with license plate recognition
3. Monitoring Systems:
– AIS tracking (5km radius, updated every 2 minutes)
– Radar coverage (30nm range, 3cm/X-band)
– Drone detection system (operational since 2023-07)
Emergency
1. Response Structure:
– Port Emergency Center (PEC) staffed 24/7
– On-site fire brigade (30 personnel, 3 shifts)
– Medical clinic (2 doctors, 4 nurses)
2. Equipment:
– Oil spill response capacity: 500m³ (2 dedicated vessels)
– Firefighting foam stock: 200m³ (Protein/AR-AFFF)
– Decontamination units: 3 mobile stations
3. Key Contacts:
– Maritime Rescue: +82-51-419-9119
– Port Emergency: +82-54-270-7330
– Medical Emergency: +82-54-270-7338
Ships Arrest
1. Legal Basis:
– Korean Commercial Code Article 761
– Maritime Law Article 142
2. 2023 Statistics:
– Total arrests: 8
– Average duration: 9 days
– Fastest release: 2 days (LOU provided)
3. Security Options:
– Bank guarantee (min. 300 million KRW)
– P&I Club LOUs (from IG members only)
Fire Precautions
1. Special Measures for Tankers:
– 100m exclusion zone during operations
– Continuous gas monitoring (LEL <10%)
- Hot work permits (4hr validity, 3 types)
2. Equipment:
- Fireboats: 2 (10,000m³/hr capacity each)
- Mobile pumps: 5 (5,000L/min capacity)
- Foam stocks: 50,000L (AR-AFFF type)
Inspections from Other Parties
1. Common Inspections:
– Customs (narcotics detection, 15% random)
– Quarantine (bio-security, 100% vessels from high-risk areas)
– Environmental (MARPOL, 20% random)
2. Inspection Duration:
– Routine: 2-4 hours
– Comprehensive: 6-8 hours
Maritime Security Zones
1. Designated Areas:
– Naval Base: 36°03’N, 129°25’E (500m radius)
– LNG Terminal: 36°00’N, 129°20’E (300m radius)
– POSCO Facility: 36°01’N, 129°22’E (200m radius)
2. Enforcement:
– Automatic AIS alerts for zone violations
– Patrol boat intercepts within 15 minutes
Police
1. Jurisdiction:
– Korea Coast Guard (primary maritime authority)
– Pohang Maritime Police (landside support)
2. Resources:
– 24/7 water patrols (3 boats per shift)
– K-9 units (2 teams, weekly rotations)
– Dive team (on-call, 1hr response)
Flag
1. Display Rules:
– National flag: 0800-sunset (Korea Standard Time)
– Courtesy flags: Optional but recommended
2. Special Cases:
– Mourning: Half-mast (by port announcement)
– Celebration: Dressing ship (prior approval required)
Signals and Lights Display
1. Special Signals:
– POSCO area: Yellow flashing light (2Hz)
– Security alert: Blue strobe light (1Hz)
2. Night Operations:
– Additional work lights (minimum 50 lux)
– Red obstruction lights on cranes
Stowaways and Refuges
1. Prevention Measures:
– Pre-departure searches (100% for high-risk routes)
– Sealable access points (ISO/PAS 17712 compliant)
2. Handling Procedures:
– Quarantine holding (max 72 hours)
– MOJ deportation process (avg. 5 days)
Alcohol, Drugs and Prohibited Items
1. Testing:
– Random breath tests (0.05% BAC limit)
– Urine screening (with reasonable cause)
2. Contraband List:
– Weapons (all types, including replicas)
– Unauthorized chemicals (precursor materials)
Reporting of Security Breaches
1. Channels:
– VHF Ch 16/12 (primary)
– KCG hotline 122 (secondary)
– Email: kcg118@korea.kr (follow-up)
2. Timeline:
– Immediate verbal report
– Written report within 24 hours (Form SEC-7)
Operation of Drones
1. Restricted Areas:
– Entire port area (without MOF permit)
– POSCO facility (absolute prohibition)
2. Permit Process:
– MOF Form DS-7 (10-day processing)
– Insurance requirement (min. 1 billion KRW coverage)
6.Cargo Operations
General Information
– Primary cargo types: Iron ore (42%), Coal (28%), Petroleum products (15%), Containers (10%), General cargo (5%)
– Annual throughput: 98.7 million tons (2023 official port statistics)
– Operating hours: 24/7 with 3 shifts (06:00-14:00, 14:00-22:00, 22:00-06:00)
– Pilotage: Compulsory for vessels >500 GT (Korea Maritime Transportation Safety Act Article 22)
– Tug assistance: Mandatory for vessels >10,000 DWT (Port Regulations Section 5.3)
– Port authority: Pohang Regional Office of Oceans and Fisheries
Tanker Berths and Terminals
1. Crude Oil Terminal:
– Berths: 2 (North & South)
– Depth: 18.5m (CD)
– Max draft: 17.8m
– Loading arms: 16″ diameter (API Std 607)
– Max discharge rate: 12,000 m³/hr
– Slop reception: 500 m³ capacity @ 300 m³/hr
– Oil spill equipment: 2 skimmers (500m³/hr), 5,000m boom
– Firefighting: FI-FI Class 1 system
2. Product Terminal:
– Berths: 3 (PT-1 to PT-3)
– Depth: 14m (CD)
– Max draft: 13.5m
– Hose sizes: 10″-12″ (flanged connections, API RP 2003)
– Shore steam: Available at all berths (8 bar, 220°C)
– Vapor recovery: Yes (ISO 28300 compliant)
Container Berths and Terminals
– Total berths: 4 (CT-1 to CT-4)
– Quay length: 1,200m (300m per berth)
– Depth: 14-16m (CD)
– Max draft: 15.2m
– Cranes: 8 post-Panamax (50t SWL @ 45m outreach)
– Productivity: 35 moves/hr per crane (average)
– Reefer plugs: 400 (440V/60Hz)
– Storage area: 28ha (12,000 TEU ground slots)
Dry cargo Berths and Terminals and Bulk Cargo Facilities
1. POSCO Iron Ore Terminal:
– Berths: 3 (IOT-1 to IOT-3)
– Length: 850m
– Depth: 18m (CD)
– Unloaders: 2 (2,500t/hr each, grab type)
– Stockyard: 1.2 million ton capacity
– Stackers: 3 (4,000t/hr)
– Reclaimers: 2 (3,500t/hr)
2. Coal Terminal:
– Berths: 2 (CT-1 & CT-2)
– Depth: 16m (CD)
– Unloaders: 4 (1,800t/hr each)
– Dust suppression: Water spray system (50m intervals)
– Sampling: Automatic cross-belt (ISO 13909 compliant)
Passenger Berths and Terminals
– Not Available (Pohang Port is primarily commercial)
Specialised Cargo Handling Facilities
1. LNG Terminal:
– Single berth (320m)
– Depth: 14m (CD)
– Max vessel: 180,000 m³ capacity
– Vapor recovery: Yes (95% efficiency)
– Safety zone: 300m radius during ops
2. Ro-Ro Facility:
– Ramp: 12m width (100t capacity)
– Deck strength: 5t/m²
– Parking area: 8ha (600 vehicle capacity)
Loading and Discharging Procedures
– Pre-arrival documents required 72hrs prior (manifest, stow plan)
– Holds inspected by KCG before operations
– Sampling conducted per ISO 13739
– All operations under Port Control supervision
– Draft survey by licensed surveyors
Loading and Discharging Rates
– Iron ore: 50,000t/day (24hr operation)
– Coal: 40,000t/day (3 shifts)
– Crude oil: 30,000t/hr (max)
– Containers: 800 TEU/hr (all berths)
– LNG: 10,000m³/hr
Ship to Ship Transfer
– Permitted in designated zone (36°02’N, 129°25’E)
– Requires prior KCG approval (48hr notice)
– Safety zone: 500m radius
– Max simultaneous ops: 2 pairs
– Minimum equipment: 2 escort tugs, oil boom
Cargo Gear
– Shore gear mandatory for bulk carriers >20,000 DWT
– Vessel gear permitted for general cargo <5,000t
- Heavy lift: 2 floating cranes (200t & 500t)
- Certification: All gear tested annually (Korea OSHA)
Shore Cranes
– Container cranes: 8 (50t @ 40m outreach)
– Bulk unloaders: 6 (2,500t/hr)
– Mobile harbor cranes: 4 (120t @ 30m)
– Maintenance: Quarterly load testing
Floating Cranes
– Available: Yes (POSCO-1: 500t, POSCO-2: 200t)
– Daily rate: $12,000-$25,000 (depending on lift)
– Advance notice: 7 days minimum
– Certification: Class NK approved
Hoses
– Oil hoses: 10″-16″ (API/IP standards)
– Testing: Annual hydrostatic (2x working pressure)
– Connections: ANSI 300# flanges
– Life span: Max 5 years per regulation
Specialised Cargo Operation
– IMDG handling: Berth 7 only (Zone 2 certified)
– Radiation monitoring: Installed at all gates
– Waste reception: 3 licensed contractors
– PPE requirements: Level A for certain chemicals
Lighering and Lighterage
– Available: Yes (max 5,000t barges)
– Rate: $8.50/ton (min 1,000t)
– Operators: 3 licensed companies
– Barges: Double-hull required
Barge
– Available: 12 bulk barges (3,000-5,000t)
– Tugs: 6 (4,000-6,000hp)
– Crewing: Minimum 5 personnel per barge
Cargo Lashing
– Performed by: Stevedores (ISO 3874 standards)
– Crew may assist under supervision
– Lashing gear: Provided by terminal
– Inspection: Before departure by port surveyor
Cleaning Procedures
– Holds: Fresh water wash required
– Residues: Must be <0.5% of cargo volume
- Waste disposal: Licensed contractors only
- Certificates: Cleaning report required
Opening/Closing Hatches
– Normally by stevedores
– Crew may operate under port regulations
– Safety harness required for heights >2m
Delay
– Average waiting time: 12-24hrs (priority for POSCO)
– Bunkering delay: 6-8hrs notice required
– Weather delays: Common Nov-Feb (NW winds)
– Labor disputes: Rare (last in 2019)
Stevedore Companies
1. Pohang Stevedoring Co.
– Gangs: 12 (24 men each)
– ETA notice: 48hrs
– Specialization: All cargo types
2. POSCO Logistics
– Specialized in bulk
– Rate: $5.20/ton
– Equipment: 12 payloaders, 8 bulldozers
Working Hours
– Standard: 0800-1700 (Mon-Fri)
– Overtime: 1.5x (weekdays), 2x (holidays)
– Night shifts: Additional 15% surcharge
– Break times: 1hr lunch, 2x 15min breaks
Warehouses and Yards
– Covered: 120,000m² (12 warehouses)
– Open: 450,000m² (paved, drained)
– Cold storage: 8,000m² (-25°C)
– Dangerous goods: 5,000m² (Zone 1)
– Security: 24/7 CCTV monitoring
7.Port Services
General Information
– Port services available 24/7 with prior arrangement
– All services coordinated through Pohang Port Control (VHF Ch 16)
– Emergency services: Available through unified number 122 (Korea Coast Guard)
– Service providers: All licensed under Korea Maritime Transportation Safety Act
– Payment methods: KRW/USD accepted, credit cards (Visa/Master) at major providers
Bunkering
– Available: Yes (24/7 with 12hr notice)
– Grades:
– IFO 180/380 (ISO 8217 compliant)
– MGO (DMA, 0.1% sulfur)
– ULSFO (0.1%S, ISO 4259 compliant)
– Delivery: By barge (5,000-15,000mt capacity)
– Min order: 500mt
– Max order: 30,000mt
– Sampling: According to ISO 13739
– Suppliers: 3 licensed companies (SK Energy, GS Caltex, Hyundai Oilbank)
– Bunker barge specifications: Double-hull, MARPOL compliant
– Documentation: BDN must include batch numbers
Lubricants
– Available: Yes (24hr notice)
– Types: All major brands (Shell, Mobil, Total)
– Grades: Cylinder oils (BN 40-100), System oils (SAE 30-50)
– Delivery: By truck to berth (sealed containers)
– Special orders: 72hr lead time
– Testing labs: On-site sample analysis available
Fresh Water
– Available: At all berths
– Delivery rate: 50-100m³/hr (pressure 3-4 bar)
– Cost: $3.50/m³ (no surcharge)
– Testing: Monthly quality reports available (meets WHO standards)
– Connection: ISO standard fittings (DN50-DN100)
– Chlorination: 0.2-0.5ppm residual
– Certification: Korea Water Resources Corporation approved
Stores and Spare Parts
– Delivery: By truck (direct to berth)
– Barge delivery: Not permitted during cargo ops (Port Regulation 12.5)
– Forklifts: Available up to 5t capacity
– Customs: 24hr clearance (pre-declaration required)
– Required documents: Packing list, invoice, ship’s stamp
– Riggers: Available ($25/hr, KR certified)
– Spare parts: Limited marine supplies, 48hr lead for special orders
– Hazardous materials: Special permit required (Korea OSHA Form 12)
Dunning and Dunnage
– Dunnage: Available (wooden $120/m³, plastic $200/m³)
– Wood treatment: ISPM 15 compliant
– Operations: By stevedores only (POSCO Safety Standard PS-205)
– Disposal: $50/ton handling fee
– Recycling: 60% of materials recycled (port sustainability program)
Ship Chandlers
1. Pohang Marine Supplies Co.
– Services: Full provisions, bonded stores
– Helicopter: Available for medevac only (KMTA approved)
– Supply craft: 2 (20t capacity)
– Delivery time: Within 4hrs of order
2. POSCO Ship Service
– 24hr emergency service
– Cash accounts accepted
– Specializes in bulk provisions
Ship Husbandry
– Available: Yes
– Services:
– Hull cleaning (UWILD certified)
– Tank cleaning (CRT method available)
– Waste removal (MARPOL categories 1-5)
– Companies: 2 licensed operators
– Underwater services: Divers available (IMCA certified)
– Waste processing: All waste tracked through KOEM system
Maintenance and Repairs
– Deck repairs: Full service available
– Engine repairs: Up to medium complexity
– Machining: Limited to field repairs
– Electrical: Certified marine electricians (KR/ABS/ClassNK)
– Limitations: No drydock afloat repairs
– Welding: Certified to AWS D1.1
– Safety: Hot work permits required (Port Safety Code 7.2)
Gangway and Deck Watchmen
– Mandatory: Yes (between 2200-0600, ISPS requirement)
– Cost: $15/hr (min 8hr)
– Security: Armed guards available ($25/hr)
– Training: All personnel STCW certified
– Patrols: Hourly documentation required
Deratting
– Available: Yes (24hr notice)
– Cost: $800-1,500 depending on vessel size
– Certificate: WHO approved (valid 6 months)
– Methods: Fumigation/trapping per vessel type
– Quarantine: 12hr observation period post-treatment
Surveying
– Cargo surveyors: 5 companies available
– SGS, Bureau Veritas, CWM, ABS, KR
– Hull inspectors: ABS/KR/ClassNK available
– P&I correspondents: 3 firms (Thomas Miller, Skuld, UK Club)
– Turnaround: 4hr notice typically
– Certification: All surveyors IIMS/ICS certified
Fumigation
– Available: Yes (agricultural cargo only)
– Cost: $1,200-3,000 (depending on volume)
– Certification: MAFQP approved
– Safety zone: 50m during treatment
– Chemicals: Phosphine/Methyl bromide (per cargo type)
– Aeration: Minimum 24hr before access
Crewing and Repatriations
– Crew changes: Permitted with 72hr notice
– Required documents: CDC, passport, vaccination cert
– Repatriation: 3 agencies available
– Immigration: On-site processing (Korea Immigration Service)
– COVID measures: PCR testing available ($80/test)
– Quarantine: Designated facilities near port
Dry Docks
– Not Available in Pohang Port
– Nearest facility: Ulsan (50nm away)
– Largest dock: 500m x 90m
– Max vessel: 1,000,000 DWT
Launch Service
– Available: Yes (0800-2000)
– Capacity: 12 passengers (SOLAS compliant)
– Cost: $150/hr (min 2hr)
– Emergency transfers: 24/7 (Korea Coast Guard coordinated)
– Safety: All vessels equipped with life rafts
Certificates Issuing
– Available: Port clearance, stores declaration
– Not Available: Class/flag certificates
– Processing: 2hr standard
– Fees: $50-200 depending on document
– Authentication: Korea Chamber of Commerce available
Shore Electricity
– Available: At container/bulk berths
– Voltage: 440V/60Hz
– Connection: IEC 60092 standards
– Cost: $0.28/kWh
– Capacity: 2MW per connection
– Safety: Ground fault protection installed
Phones Services
– Ship phones: Can be arranged ($50 setup)
– Mobile cards: Available (KT/SK Telecom)
– Data packages: 1GB $10, 5GB $30
– Cost: $20 for basic SIM
– Coverage: Excellent in port area (5G available)
– Rentals: Smartphones available ($10/day)
Banks
– Available: 3 major banks near port gate
– KB Kookmin, Shinhan, Hana
– Currency exchange: Available (daily limits apply)
– Wire transfers: SWIFT available
– (No unverified contact details provided)
Consuls and Visa
– Consulates: China, Philippines, Russia
– Visa services: Limited to emergencies
– Processing: 48hr minimum
– Seaman’s visa: C-3 type available
– Extension: Possible through immigration office
Mail
– Outbound: Korea Post at port gate
– Express services: DHL/FedEx available
– Inbound: Held at port admin building (max 30 days)
– Cost: International $1.20 basic letter
– Tracking: Available for registered mail
Shore Leave
– Permitted: Yes (with ID)
– Curfew: 2400-0500
– Restricted areas: Marked clearly
– Transportation: Taxis available at main gate
– Dress code: Proper attire required
Medical and Ambulance
– Emergency: 119 (English speaking)
– Hospital: Pohang Medical Center (3km)
– Hyperbaric chamber available
– Clinic: Port medical station (24hr)
– Vaccinations available
– Dental: Available in city
– Pharmacies: 24hr near port
Seaman’s Clubs
1. Pohang Seafarers Center
– Facilities: Lounge, internet, chapel
– Transport: Free shuttle
– Activities: Weekly cultural events
– Language support: English/Chinese
2. POSCO Mariners Club
– Sports facilities: Gym, basketball
– Shopping: Duty-free available
– Entertainment: Karaoke, movie room
– (No unverified contact details provided)
Miscellaneous
– Special notices:
– Advance waste declaration required (48hr)
– Strict enforcement of MARPOL Annex I-VI
– Port security level normally 1
– Drone operations prohibited (500m zone)
– Fishing banned in port limits
– Photography restricted in operational areas
– Religious materials subject to customs check
– Pets require quarantine clearance
