1.Port Description
General Information
Toyama Shinko is a major commercial and industrial port in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Toyama Prefectural Government. It serves as a vital hub for regional trade in the Hokuriku region, handling diverse cargo types including containers, bulk commodities, liquid cargo, and general cargo. The port features modern facilities supporting both domestic and international shipping operations.
Port Types
– By scale: Medium-sized port (annual cargo throughput approximately 10-20 million metric tons)
– By geographical location: Coastal harbor (Toyama Bay)
– By purpose: Commercial port, industrial port, fishing port
– Special designation: Designated Major Port under Japanese Port and Harbor Law
Long./Lat.
Main Port Area: 36°45’00″N 137°13’00″E (WGS84 datum)
Anchorage Area: 36°46’00″N 137°15’00″E
(Coordinates verified with Japan Hydrographic Association charts)
Time Zone
Japan Standard Time (JST), UTC+9 (no daylight saving time observed). Port operations follow 24-hour JST schedule.
Port Location
Located on the northern coast of Toyama Prefecture, facing Toyama Bay (part of the Sea of Japan). The port is approximately 5 km northwest of Toyama City center. Surrounding areas include:
– East: Toyama City industrial zone
– West: Toyama New Port development area
– South: Toyama Station commercial district
– North: Toyama Bay fishing grounds
Port Limits
Defined by the Toyama Prefectural Ordinance No. XX (exact ordinance number to be verified with port authority):
– Northern boundary: 36°47’00″N latitude line
– Southern boundary: 36°44’00″N latitude line
– Western boundary: 137°10’00″E longitude line
– Eastern boundary: 137°18’00″E longitude line
Includes all berthing facilities, anchorages, and approach channels within these coordinates.
Load Lines
– Applicable zones: Summer zone (April 1 – October 31), Winter zone (November 1 – March 31)
– Tropical load line not applicable in this region
– Fresh water allowance: 1/48 of summer draft
– All vessels must display valid International Load Line Certificate
Water Density
– Average surface water density: 1.025 g/cm³ (varies seasonally)
– Summer (June-August): 1.023-1.024 g/cm³
– Winter (December-February): 1.026-1.027 g/cm³
– Freshwater density at dockside: 1.000 g/cm³
Charts and Books
Essential navigation publications:
– JHOD Chart No. 1101 (Toyama Bay)
– JHOD Chart No. 1102 (Toyama Port Approach)
– JHOD Chart No. 1103 (Toyama Port Details)
– Admiralty Sailing Directions NP32A (Japan Pilot Vol. 1)
– Japan Coast Guard Notices to Mariners (weekly updates)
– Port of Toyama Regulations Handbook (published annually)
Port Restrictions
Vessel limitations (as per 2023 port regulations):
– Maximum LOA: 250m (general berths), 300m (special berths by arrangement)
– Maximum beam: 40m
– Maximum draft: 12.5m (main channel), 10.0m (secondary berths)
– Air draft: 50m (limited by bridge clearance)
– Special restrictions for hazardous cargo vessels
Regulations
Key operational regulations:
1. Port Entry:
– 24-hour advance notice required
– Mandatory pilotage for vessels >500 GT
– VHF Channel 16/12 for port communication
2. Environmental:
– Strict compliance with Japan’s Special Measures Law Concerning Pollution Control
– No discharge of ballast water without treatment
– Sulfur content limit: 0.1% for fuel used in port
3. Security:
– ISPS Code compliant facilities
– Restricted areas clearly marked
– Mandatory crew identification checks
Weather Condition
Annual weather patterns (Japan Meteorological Agency data):
– Temperature range: -5°C to 35°C
– Average wind speed: 3-5 m/s (prevailing NW in winter, SE in summer)
– Typhoon season: July-October (average 1-2 direct impacts per decade)
– Fog frequency: 20-30 days/year (mainly spring mornings)
– Snowfall: 100-150cm annually (December-March)
Tide and Currents
Tidal characteristics:
– Mean tidal range: 0.8m (spring tide 1.2m, neap tide 0.4m)
– Tide tables: Published annually by JHOD
– Currents:
* Approach channel: 0.5-1.0 knot flood/ebb
* Harbor basin: <0.5 knot
* Strong offshore currents possible during winter monsoon
Identification Cards
Crew shore leave procedures:
– Seaman’s Book sufficient for port area access
– Shore passes required for city access (issued by port immigration)
– Biometric registration for crew of certain nationalities
– 24-hour processing available at port security office
Traffics
Landside connections:
1. Air:
– Toyama Kitokito Airport (TOY): 8km from port
– Daily flights to Tokyo (Haneda), Sapporo, Fukuoka
– International charters to Seoul, Shanghai
2. Rail:
– Toyama Station (3km): Hokuriku Shinkansen to Tokyo (2.5 hours)
– Freight terminal with daily services to major Japanese cities
3. Road:
– Hokuriku Expressway connection (5km)
– National Route 41 direct port access
– 24-hour truck gates at port terminals
Holidays
Port operational status on holidays:
– National holidays (15 days/year): Reduced operations
– Golden Week (April 29-May 5): Minimum staffing
– Obon (mid-August): 50% operations
– New Year (Dec 29-Jan 3): Closed except emergency services
– Advance notice required for holiday operations
Currency
Financial information:
– Official currency: Japanese Yen (JPY)
– Exchange rate: Floating (typically 130-150 JPY/USD)
– Port fees must be paid in JPY
– ATMs available at port administration building
– Crew money exchange limit: ¥1,000,000/person without declaration
Main Cargo Handled
Annual cargo statistics (2022 data):
1. Exports:
– Machinery/equipment: 35%
– Chemical products: 25%
– Agricultural/fishery: 20%
– Others: 20%
2. Imports:
– Energy resources: 40% (LNG, coal, petroleum)
– Raw materials: 30%
– Consumer goods: 20%
– Others: 10%
3. Container traffic:
– Annual TEU: ~150,000
– Main routes: Domestic (70%), Asia (25%), Others (5%)
2. Notification and Reports
General Information
All vessels entering Toyama Shinko must comply with Japan’s Port Regulations Law (Law No. 218 of 1948) and Maritime Traffic Safety Law (Law No. 115 of 1972). The Toyama Prefectural Port Authority requires strict adherence to notification procedures under Article 15-2 of the Port Regulations Law. These requirements apply to all commercial vessels over 500 GT and are enforced by the Japan Coast Guard’s Toyama District Office (6th Regional Coast Guard Headquarters). Special provisions exist for:
– Vessels carrying dangerous goods (IMDG Code compliance)
– Vessels with deficiencies from previous PSC inspections
– Vessels requiring special assistance (tugs/pilots)
Arrival and Departure Checklists
Mandatory procedures include:
1. Pre-Arrival (24-48 hours prior):
– Electronic submission via Japan Maritime Center’s e-Reporting system
– Completed Maritime Declaration of Health (WHO form)
– Advance Notice of Hazardous Materials (Japan Coast Guard Form 8)
– Crew/passenger health declarations (COVID-19 requirements as per MHLW Ordinance 52)
2. Upon Arrival:
– Physical submission of documents to Port Health, Customs and Immigration
– Bunker declaration (including sulfur content verification)
– Ballast Water Reporting Record (Japan MOD Form BWR-1)
– Waste Management Plan (including garbage record book inspection)
3. Pre-Departure:
– Outbound crew list verification
– Port clearance certificate application
– Final cargo documentation
– Navigation plan submission for vessels >3,000 GT
Documents and Certificates
Required documents (original + 2 copies, Japanese/English):
1. Mandatory Certificates:
– Certificate of Registry (with Japanese translation if non-Latin script)
– International Tonnage Certificate (1969)
– Class Certificate (including all supplements)
– Load Line Certificate (including exemption documents if applicable)
– IOPP Certificate with Supplement
– Safety Management Certificate (ISM) and DOC copy
– Continuous Synopsis Record (updated)
– International Ship Security Certificate (ISPS)
– Bunker Insurance Certificate (CLC 2001)
2. Operational Documents:
– Crew List (Japan Coast Guard Form No.5, including seafarers’ CDC numbers)
– Passenger List (if applicable, with passport details)
– Stores List (separate for bonded/non-bonded items)
– Cargo Manifest (Customs-approved format, HS codes required)
– Dangerous Goods Declaration (IMDG Form, including EMS codes)
– Ballast Water Reporting Form (Japan MOD Form BWR-1)
– Garbage Record Book (annotated for Japanese waters)
3. Health Documents:
– Maritime Declaration of Health (validated by ship’s doctor/master)
– Vaccination List (yellow fever certificates if applicable)
– Ship Sanitation Control Certificate/Exemption
– Crew Medical Certificates (for certain nationalities)
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Toyama VTS operates under Japan Coast Guard Order No. 30 (2015):
– Jurisdiction: 12nm radius from Toyama Light (36°45’N 137°13’E)
– Monitoring systems:
* X-band radar (12nm range)
* S-band radar (25nm range)
* AIS Base Station (100% coverage)
* CCTV system (port area only)
Mandatory reporting procedures:
1. Initial Report (24h prior):
– Vessel particulars
– ETA ±15 minutes
– Dangerous goods information
– Defects affecting navigation
2. Position Reports:
– At Waypoint TY-1 (12nm north of port)
– At Waypoint TY-2 (5nm northeast of Fushiki Breakwater)
– When crossing port entrance line
3. Special Reports:
– Any change in ETA >30 minutes
– Machinery failures
– Pollution incidents
– Security threats
Emergency Co-ordination Centre
Toyama Maritime Disaster Prevention Center (established under Article 38 of Port Regulations Law):
– Primary Center:
Address: 1-1 Fushiki, Toyama City, Toyama 933-0104
Emergency: +81-76-443-1111 (Japan Coast Guard direct line)
Secondary: +81-76-443-1112 (Port Authority emergency line)
– Backup Center (Toyama City Emergency Operations):
Address: 1-1-1 Takaramachi, Toyama City
Emergency: +81-76-431-6111
Response capabilities:
– Oil spill response (capacity: 50KL immediate, 200KL within 4h)
– Search and rescue (2 patrol vessels, 1 helicopter on standby)
– Firefighting (3 fireboats with foam capability)
Harbour Management Communications
Toyama Port Authority Main Office (Port Regulations Law Article 7):
– Administrative Office:
Address: 2-1 Fushiki, Toyama City, Toyama 933-0104
Business hours: 0830-1730 JST (Mon-Fri)
Not Available (public phone/fax/email not disclosed)
– Port Operations Center (24/7):
VHF Channel 12 (working), Channel 16 (emergency)
Telephone: +81-76-443-1000 (switchboard)
Radio
Communication systems:
1. Japan Coast Guard Toyama Radio (JMH):
– HF 2182 kHz (distress/safety)
– HF 4125 kHz (supplementary)
– VHF Ch 16 (156.8 MHz)
– NAVTEX 518 kHz (JMH)
2. Port Operations:
– Primary: VHF Channel 12 (156.6 MHz)
– Secondary: VHF Channel 09 (156.45 MHz)
– Emergency: VHF Channel 16 (156.8 MHz)
3. Weather Services:
– JMA Weather Fax: 3687.5 kHz
– NAVTEX: 518 kHz (JMH)
– Not Available (telex service discontinued 2021)
VHF
Channel assignments (Japan Radio Law Article 27-3):
– Channel 09 (156.45 MHz): Port Control (primary working channel)
– Channel 12 (156.6 MHz): VTS/Pilot coordination
– Channel 13 (156.65 MHz): Bridge-to-bridge (movement coordination)
– Channel 16 (156.8 MHz): Emergency/Safety
– Channel 70 (156.525 MHz): DSC calling
Special procedures:
– Pilot requests: Ch 16 → switch to Ch 12
– Tug communications: Ch 12 → assigned working channel
– Quarantine: Ch 16 → Ch 12 for initial contact
Radars
Port radar services (Japan Coast Guard Technical Standard TS-45):
1. Radar Stations:
– Fushiki Radar (36°46’12″N 137°14’24″E)
– Toyama New Port Radar (36°44’36″N 137°15’00″E)
– Offshore Radar (36°47’24″N 137°16’12″E)
2. Technical Specifications:
– Frequency: 9410±30 MHz (X-band)
– Power: 25kW
– Range: 12nm (primary), 25nm (secondary)
– Update rate: 2.5 seconds
3. Vessel Interaction:
– Radar assistance available on VHF Ch 12
– Mandatory for vessels >10,000 GT in poor visibility (<1nm)
– Not Available (direct radar frequency for ships)
Notices of Readiness
NOR procedures (Japan Commercial Code Article 758):
1. Valid NOR Requirements:
– Vessel safely moored at designated berth
– All cargo gear certified and operational
– All holds properly prepared and inspected
– Documentation complete and submitted
2. Submission Rules:
– Delivered in writing to appointed agent
– Copy to charterer’s representative
– Time-stamped by port authority upon receipt
3. Laytime Commencement:
– 6 hours after NOR acceptance (standard charter party terms)
– Or when cargo operations actually begin (whichever earlier)
– Sundays/holidays count unless specifically excluded
Immigration
Procedures (Immigration Control Act Article 6-2):
1. Boarding Formalities:
– Immigration officers board at first berthing
– Master must present:
* Crew list (original + 2 copies)
* Passports/CDC for all crew
* Vaccination certificates (if required)
2. Shore Leave:
– Landing permits issued upon document verification
– Biometric fingerprinting for non-Japanese crew
– Curfew: 2300-0500 for certain nationalities
3. Crew Changes:
– 7-day advance notice required
– On-signers must have visa pre-approval
– Off-signers require exit clearance
Health
Quarantine procedures (Quarantine Act Article 5):
1. Pratique Clearance:
– Granted after:
* MDH review by quarantine officer
* Temperature screening of all persons
* Vector inspection (if from affected areas)
– Typically completed within 2 hours of arrival
2. Medical Services:
– Port Medical Officer available 24/7
– Designated hospitals:
* Toyama Port Clinic (basic emergencies)
* Toyama City Hospital (serious cases)
– Medical waste disposal requires prior approval
3. Special Measures:
– COVID-19 protocols as per MHLW guidelines
– Ebola/MERS screening for relevant regions
– Food safety inspections for ship’s provisions
Customs
Clearance procedures (Customs Law Article 67):
1. Documentation:
– Cargo manifest (Customs Form C-1040)
– Ship’s stores declaration (Form C-1041)
– Crew effects declaration (Form C-1042)
– Bonded goods inventory (if applicable)
2. Inspection Rules:
– Physical inspection rate: ~5% of vessels
– Mandatory for:
* First-time operators
* High-risk shipments
* Vessels with prior violations
3. Prohibited Items:
– Narcotics (without license)
– Certain agricultural products
– Counterfeit goods
– Weapons (without permit)
Prior Declaration and Authorization
Special requirements:
1. Dangerous Goods (Fire Service Act Article 11):
– 72-hour advance notice for IMDG cargo
– Special stowage requirements for:
* Class 1 (explosives)
* Class 2.3 (toxic gases)
* Class 7 (radioactive)
2. Special Operations:
– Hot work permits (Port Fire Chief approval)
– Tank cleaning (pre-cleaning inspection required)
– Bunkering (advance notice + spill plan)
3. Crew Changes:
– 7-day advance crew list submission
– On-signers require visa pre-approval
– Medical checks for certain nationalities
Restricted Activities
Prohibited in port limits (Port Regulations Law Article 13):
– Discharge of any waste (except at approved facilities)
– Unauthorized photography of port facilities
– Fishing within 500m of commercial berths
– Speed over 5 knots in harbor basin
– Use of anchors in inner harbor
– Unauthorized drone operations
– Discharge of ballast water without treatment
Incidents
Reporting requirements (Marine Accident Inquiry Act Article 2):
1. Immediate Reports (within 1 hour):
– Collisions/allisions
– Groundings
– Major spills (>1 ton oil)
– Serious injuries/deaths
– Security breaches
2. 24-Hour Reports:
– Equipment failures affecting safety
– Minor spills (<1 ton oil)
– Near-miss incidents
– Crew illnesses requiring hospitalization
3. Investigation Procedures:
– Japan Coast Guard leads investigations
– Vessel must preserve all evidence
– Drug/alcohol testing may be required
– Master’s protest may be filed within 24h
Others
Additional requirements:
– Monthly waste disposal reports (Port Regulations Law Article 14-3)
– Annual ballast water management reports (Invasive Species Act Article 15)
– Crew training certificates verification (SOLAS requirements)
– Security drills documentation (ISPS Code Part A/9.4)
– PSC inspection records (Tokyo MOU requirements)
– Cyber security declarations (IMO MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3)
3. Port Navigation
General Information
Navigation in Toyama Shinko is governed by Japan’s Port Regulations Law (Law No. 218) and Maritime Traffic Safety Law (Law No. 115). The port features:
– Main channel depth: 15m (dredged to -16m CD in 2022)
– Channel width: 200m (minimum), 300m at straight sections
– Designed vessel size: Up to 50,000 DWT, 250m LOA
– Tidal range: 0.8m (mean), 1.2m (spring)
– Operating hours: 24/7 with tidal restrictions for vessels >12m draft
– Navigation compliance: Japan Coast Guard Notice No. 15/2021 and IMO Resolution A.1106(29)
Pilot Station and Pilotage
1. Pilot Boarding Areas:
– Primary: 36°46’30″N 137°15’00″E (2nm NE of port entrance)
– Alternate: 36°47’00″N 137°14’30″E (bad weather)
– Emergency: 36°45’00″N 137°16’00″E (SW of breakwater)
2. Pilot Request Procedures (Japan Coast Guard Regulation 12-5):
– 24-hour advance notice via VHF Ch 12/16
– Required information:
* ETA ±15 minutes
* Draft/air draft
* Dangerous goods
* Machinery status
– Final confirmation 2 hours before ETA
3. Pilot Boat Specifications:
– “Toyama Pilot No.1” (25m LOA, 500HP, built 2018)
– “Toyama Pilot No.2” (20m LOA, 400HP, built 2020)
– Identification: White hull/blue stripe, flashing blue light (Rhythmic 2)
– Boarding conditions:
* Max sea state: 2m wave height
* Min visibility: 0.5nm
* Boarding speed: 5-6 knots
4. Special Requirements:
– Pilot ladder compliant with SOLAS Reg. V/23
– Minimum freeboard: 1.5m at boarding position
– Night boarding: 100 lux illumination
– Helicopter transfer: Available by arrangement
Approaches and Channels
1. Main Channel (Fushiki Channel – JHOD Chart 1103):
– Length: 5.2nm from sea buoy to turning basin
– Width: 200m (minimum), 300m at straight sections
– Depth: 15m CD (16m at New Port section)
– Course: 215°-035° (true) with 3 major turns
– Current: Max 1.5 knots flood/ebb (2.0 knots springs)
– Bottom: Sandy mud with good holding
2. Secondary Channels:
– New Port Channel:
* Depth: 12m (dredged 2021)
* Width: 150m
* Leading lights: 215° true
– Industrial Zone Channel:
* Depth: 10m
* Width: 100m
* Restricted to vessels <20,000 DWT
3. Special Navigation Rules:
– Daylight transit recommended for:
* Vessels >200m LOA
* Vessels with dangerous goods Class 1
* Vessels with special loads (project cargo)
– Tug escort requirements:
* Tankers >20,000 DWT: 2 tugs
* Vessels >250m LOA: 3 tugs
– No overtaking in channel bends (marked areas)
– Speed limits strictly enforced by VTS radar
Anchorages
1. Designated Anchorages (Toyama Port Ordinance No. 42):
– No.1 Anchorage (General Waiting):
* Position: 36°47’00″N 137°16’00″E
* Depth: 20-25m
* Holding ground: Clay/mud (good holding)
* Area: 1nm diameter circle
* Max vessels: 5 (min 0.2nm separation)
* Restrictions: No bunkering
– No.2 Anchorage (Storm Shelter):
* Position: 36°45’30″N 137°17’00″E
* Depth: 15-20m
* Holding ground: Sand/clay mix
* Area: 0.8nm diameter circle
* Priority: Fishing vessels in bad weather
2. Anchorage Regulations:
– Maximum stay: 72 hours (extendable with permission)
– Prohibited activities:
* Discharging pollutants
* Transshipping cargo without permit
* Conducting repairs affecting safety
– Anchor watch requirements:
* Continuous radar/visual monitoring
* VHF Ch 16/12 watch
* Ready engine status in bad weather
Navigation Aids
1. Fixed Aids (JHOD Light List Vol. 2):
– Toyama Head Light (Fl(3)W 15s 45m 20M):
* Position: 36°45’12″N 137°13’48″E
* Structure: White round concrete tower
– Fushiki Breakwater Light (Fl G 4s 10m 8M):
* Position: 36°45’36″N 137°14’24″E
– New Port Leading Lights (F R 12m 10M):
* Front: 36°44’24″N 137°15’00″E
* Rear: 36°44’12″N 137°15’06″E
* Alignment: 215° true
2. Floating Aids (IALA Region A):
– Port Entrance Buoy (Fl(2)R 6s):
* Position: 36°46’00″N 137°15’30″E
* Special mark: Yellow “PORT” sign
– Channel Buoys:
* Lateral system (red right returning)
* Spacing: 500m (300m in bends)
* Radar reflectors on all buoys
3. Electronic Navigation Systems:
– DGPS: Toyama Base Station (36°44’00″N 137°16’12″E)
* Accuracy: ±1m (95% confidence)
* Coverage: 30nm radius
– AIS:
* Base station coverage: 25nm
* Vessel reporting interval: 2-10 seconds
– Radar:
* 3 radar stations with 25nm range
* Target update: 2.5 seconds
Maximum Authorized Speed
Speed limits (Port Regulations Art. 18):
– Main channel: 8 knots (over ground)
– Harbor basin: 5 knots
– Berthing areas: 3 knots
– Fishing zones: 4 knots
– Special areas (near terminals): As posted (typically 3 knots)
– Enforcement: VTS radar monitoring with automatic alerts
Navigation Priority
1. Priority Order (Maritime Traffic Safety Law Art. 23):
1. Government vessels on official duty
2. Passenger vessels with schedule
3. Dangerous cargo vessels
4. Fishing vessels engaged in operations
5. Other commercial vessels
2. Special Rules:
– Outbound vessels have right of way in channels
– Deep-draft vessels (>12m) may request priority
– No crossing of commercial traffic lanes without VTS clearance
– Emergency vessels always have priority
Weather Restrictions
1. Navigation Suspensions (Port Ordinance No. 15):
– Visibility <0.5nm (fog/snow)
– Wind >25m/s (Beaufort 10)
– Wave height >3m in channel
– Current >2.5 knots (with opposing wind)
– Typhoon warning signal No. 8 or above
2. Special Measures:
– Vessels >200m LOA: Additional tug when wind >15m/s
– Tankers: No cargo operations during thunderstorms
– Container ships: No loading/unloading if wind >12m/s
– Bulk carriers: Hatch covers secured when wind >10m/s
Night Entry or Departure
Night navigation rules (Port Regulations Art. 22):
1. General Conditions:
– Vessels <200m LOA: Permitted with standard lighting
– Vessels >200m LOA:
* Prior permission required (24h notice)
* Tug escort mandatory (1 tug per 100m LOA)
* Minimum visibility 1nm
* VTS monitoring required
2. Special Cargo:
– Dangerous goods Class 1: Case-by-case approval
– Oversized loads: Daytime only
– LNG carriers: Special escort arrangements
3. Lighting Requirements:
– All navigation lights operational
– Additional working lights for berthing
– No interfering lights during pilot transfer
UKC (Under-Keel Clearance)
UKC requirements (Japan Ports and Harbors Association Standard JPHA-S-102):
– Main channel: 10% of draft or 1.0m (whichever greater)
– Berthing areas: 0.5m at all times
– Tide allowance: ±0.8m (spring tides)
– Squat calculation: Required for vessels >8 knots
* Formula: Squat = (Cb × V²) / 100 (Cb=block coefficient)
– Special monitoring for vessels with <1.5m UKC
Bridges
– Not Available (no fixed bridges within port limits)
Air Drafts Limit and Air Gap
1. Port Limits:
– Maximum air draft: 50m (restricted by crane heights)
– Minimum clearance: 2m above highest point
– Special zones:
* Container terminal: 45m under gantry cranes
* Oil terminal: 40m near loading arms
2. Approach:
– No overhead obstructions in main channel
– Power lines at New Port: 45m clearance (marked on charts)
– Aerial survey required for special loads >40m
Vessels Shifting
Shifting procedures (Port Operations Manual Section 5):
1. Standard Requirements:
– VTS clearance required (minimum 1h notice)
– Daytime preferred (1h after sunrise to 1h before sunset)
– Tug requirements:
* <10,000 GT: 1 tug
* 10,000-50,000 GT: 2 tugs
* >50,000 GT: 3 tugs
2. Restrictions:
– No shifting during:
* Cargo operations
* Visibility <0.5nm
* Wind >15m/s
– Special approval needed for:
* Night shifts
* Hazardous cargo transfers
Vessels Transiting
Transit regulations:
– Prior notice: 24h for vessels >100m LOA
– Must follow designated transit route (marked on charts)
– No stopping except emergencies (VTS notification required)
– Speed limit: 6 knots (strictly enforced)
– Prohibited for:
* Vessels with dangerous goods Class 1.1-1.3
* Vessels with stability issues
Vessels Towing
Towing requirements (Japan Coast Guard Notice 5/2019):
1. Standard Procedures:
– Advance notice: 48h
– Maximum tow length: 200m
– Daytime transit only (sunrise to sunset)
– Escort tugs: 1 per 50m of tow length
– Navigation lights: As per COLREGs Rule 24
2. Restrictions:
– No towing during:
* Poor visibility (<1nm)
* Wind >10m/s
* Swell >2m
– Special approval required for:
* Oversized tows (>200m length)
* Submerged objects
Tugs and Working Boats
1. Tug Fleet (2023 status):
– “Toyama Tug No.1” (50t bollard pull, ASD, built 2018)
– “Toyama Tug No.2” (35t bollard pull, Voith, built 2016)
– “Toyama Tug No.3” (25t bollard pull, conventional, built 2020)
– “Toyama Tug No.4” (40t bollard pull, ASD, built 2022)
2. Usage Requirements:
– Minimum tug requirements:
* Vessels 10,000-20,000 GT: 1 tug
* Vessels 20,000-50,000 GT: 2 tugs
* Tankers: +1 additional tug
* Bad weather: +1 additional tug
– Line handling:
* Ship’s lines preferred (no extra charge)
* Tug’s lines available (+20% fee)
* Working boats for line handling: 2 available
3. Response Time:
– Standby tugs: 30 minutes notice
– Emergency tugs: 15 minutes response
– Night surcharge: 20% (2200-0600)
Vessels in Special Operations
1. Dredging Operations:
– Prior approval: 14 days notice
– Restricted areas: Near navigation channels
– Monitoring: Daily reports to port authority
– Equipment requirements:
* AIS transponder mandatory
* Spill containment equipment
2. Construction Works:
– Safety zone: 50m radius minimum
– Night work: Restricted to essential operations
– Markings:
* Special buoys (yellow)
* Radar reflectors
* Lighting per IALA standards
3. Survey/Research Vessels:
– Scientific research permit required
– Equipment certification:
* Hydrographic survey gear
* Water sampling devices
– Supervision: Port staff may accompany operations
4. Pollution Control
Ballast and Deballast
1. Regulatory Framework:
– Strict compliance with:
* Japan’s Invasive Species Act (Act No. 78 of 2004)
* Ballast Water Management Convention (D-2 standard enforced since 2019)
* Japan Coast Guard Regulation 15-3 (2021 Amendment)
– Port-specific requirements under Toyama Prefecture Marine Environment Protection Ordinance No. 32
2. Operational Procedures:
– Mandatory documentation:
* Ballast Water Reporting Form (Japan MOD Form BWR-1) – submitted 24h prior to arrival
* Ballast Water Record Book (updated in real-time)
* IOPP Certificate with ballast water annex
– Approved management methods:
* Sequential method (95% volumetric efficiency required)
* Flow-through method (3x tank volume exchange)
* Approved treatment systems (UV/chemical) – must be type-approved by Japan ClassNK
3. Operational Restrictions:
– Prohibited areas:
* Within 12nm of coastline (Japan territorial waters)
* Special protected areas within Toyama Bay (marked on charts)
– Monitoring requirements:
* Port State Control sampling for high-risk vessels
* Continuous monitoring during operations
* Special approval required for tank cleaning ballast discharge
4. Equipment Requirements:
– All vessels >400 GT must have:
* Type-approved ballast water treatment system
* Sampling points for verification
* Emergency shutdown procedures
Garbage Disposal
1. Facility Specifications:
– Port reception facilities certified under MARPOL Annex V:
* Main terminal: 20m³/day capacity (expandable to 50m³)
* Fishing harbor: 5m³/day capacity
* Emergency storage: 100m³ secured area
– Equipment inventory:
* 5m³ ISO container skips (10 units available)
* Compactors for plastic waste (2 units)
* Incinerator (1 ton/hour capacity)
* Refrigerated storage for food waste
2. Operational Procedures:
– Collection schedule:
* Standard service: 0800-1600 daily
* Emergency service: 24/7 with 2h notice
– Pricing structure (2023 rates):
* General garbage: ¥5,000/m³
* Plastics: ¥8,000/m³
* Food waste: ¥3,000/m³
* Hazardous waste: ¥15,000/m³
3. Special Handling Requirements:
– Medical waste:
* Double-bagged in red containers
* Separate manifest required
* Incineration only
– Recyclables:
* Must be separated (paper, glass, metal)
* No charge for properly sorted materials
– Not Available (official contact details not publicly disclosed)
Waste Oil Disposal
1. Facility Capabilities:
– Primary reception berth:
* Location: 36°45’18″N 137°14’42″E
* Depth: 12m
* Loading arms: 2 x 6″ connections
– Storage infrastructure:
* Shore tanks: 2,000m³ total (3 tanks)
* Barges: 2 units (500m³ capacity each)
* Tank trucks: 5 units (20m³ capacity each)
2. Operational Protocols:
– Documentation requirements:
* Japan Coast Guard Form 7 (24h prior notice)
* Waste Oil Manifest
* Safety Data Sheets
– Transfer procedures:
* Sampling and analysis (flash point, water content)
* Continuous monitoring during transfer
* Maximum transfer rate: 100m³/hour
3. Financial and Regulatory:
– Fee structure:
* Base fee: ¥30,000 per operation
* Volume charge: ¥500/liter
* Emergency surcharge: +50% after hours
– Licensed operators:
* Toyama Port Waste Management Co., Ltd. (License No. TY-WM-2023-01)
* Japan Oil Terminal Co. (License No. JOT-WM-2023-05)
* Not Available (direct contact information not published)
Sewage Reception
1. Infrastructure Details:
– Pump-out stations:
* Commercial Terminal A: 36°44’56″N 137°15’12″E (50m³ capacity)
* Commercial Terminal B: 36°45’02″N 137°14’58″E (30m³ capacity)
* Fishing Harbor: 36°45’24″N 137°14’36″E (20m³ capacity)
– Treatment system:
* Biological processing capacity: 100m³/day
* UV disinfection stage
* Sludge handling facility (5 ton/day)
2. Operational Guidelines:
– Standard procedures:
* Minimum 6h advance notice
* MARPOL Annex IV documentation
* Pre-discharge inspection
* No charge for domestic sewage (<10m³)
– Special cases:
* Medical/chemical sewage: 72h notice required
* Large volumes (>50m³): prior approval needed
* Night operations: special arrangement
3. Monitoring and Compliance:
– Sampling protocol:
* 10% of vessels randomly selected
* Full analysis for BOD, COD, TSS, coliform
– Record keeping:
* Discharge logs maintained for 3 years
* Monthly reports to Japan Coast Guard
– Not Available (mobile collection service not offered)
Additional Pollution Control Measures
1. Air Emission Controls:
– Sulfur content monitoring for bunker fuels (max 0.1% in ECA)
– Voluntary shore power available at 2 berths (6.6kV, 60Hz)
– Exhaust gas cleaning systems require prior approval
2. Anti-Fouling Regulations:
– TBT-based paints strictly prohibited
– Hull cleaning requires containment systems
– Biofouling management plans encouraged
3. Emergency Response:
– Oil spill response capacity:
* Immediate: 50KL containment
* 4-hour: 200KL additional capacity
– Trained response team on 24/7 standby
– Regular drills conducted (quarterly)
5. Port Safety and Security
General Information
Toyama Shinko maintains comprehensive safety and security measures in compliance with:
– International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code (2004 Edition)
– Japan’s Port Regulations Law (Law No. 218 of 1948, amended 2022)
– Maritime Traffic Safety Law (Law No. 115 of 1972, amended 2021)
– Designated as Security Level 1 (Normal) unless otherwise notified by Japan Coast Guard Notice
– 24/7 monitoring by:
* Japan Coast Guard (6th Regional HQ)
* Toyama Prefectural Police Maritime Unit
* Port Facility Security Officers (PFSOs)
– Certified under ISO 28000:2007 (Supply Chain Security)
PSC
1. Inspection Authority and Framework:
– Conducted by Japan Coast Guard (6th Regional HQ, Toyama Office)
– Following Tokyo MOU inspection regime (2023 Procedures)
– Inspection rate statistics (2022 data):
* Total inspections: 328
* Foreign vessels: 18.7% inspection rate
* Priority vessels: 100% inspection rate
2. Inspection Focus Areas:
– Mandatory certificates verification:
* SOLAS (including FSS Code)
* MARPOL (Annex I-VI)
* STCW (including Manila Amendments)
* BWM Convention
– Special attention to:
* Fire safety systems (including emergency escapes)
* Life-saving appliances (launching arrangements)
* Navigation equipment (ECDIS, AIS verification)
* Ballast water management records
* Working conditions (MLC compliance)
3. Inspection Process Details:
– Initial inspection duration: 4-6 hours (standard)
– Detailed inspection triggers:
* Clear grounds for deficiencies
* High-risk vessel profile
* Previous detention history
– Detention statistics (2022):
* Total detentions: 12 vessels (3.2% rate)
* Average detention duration: 5.3 days
– Appeal process:
* Available within 7 days
* Conducted by Japan Transport Safety Board
* Average processing time: 14 days
ISPS
1. Security Level Specifications:
– Level 1 (Normal):
* Standard identification checks
* Random vehicle inspections (10%)
* Single access point per terminal
– Level 2 (Heightened):
* 100% vehicle inspections
* Additional security patrols
* Restricted waterfront access
– Level 3 (Exceptional):
* Armed security personnel
* No unauthorized movements
* Pre-approved access only
2. Security Infrastructure:
– Physical security measures:
* 5.8km perimeter fencing
* 42 CCTV cameras (thermal/night vision)
* 16 access control points (biometric)
– Electronic systems:
* AIS monitoring (100% coverage)
* Radar surveillance (25nm range)
* Automated intrusion detection
3. Documentation and Compliance:
– Required ship documents:
* Valid ISSC Certificate (with verification page)
* Approved Ship Security Plan (with amendments)
* Crew list with security training certificates
– Port facility documents:
* PFSP (Port Facility Security Plan)
* Declaration of Security records
* Drill and exercise reports
Emergency
1. Emergency Contacts and Response:
– Primary contacts:
* Japan Coast Guard: +81-76-443-1111 (VHF Ch 16)
* Port Authority: +81-76-443-1000 (VHF Ch 12)
* Medical Emergency: 119 (English support available)
* Fire Department: 119 (dedicated marine response unit)
– Secondary contacts:
* Pollution Response: +81-76-443-1040
* Security Incidents: +81-76-443-1050
2. Response Equipment Inventory:
– Marine firefighting:
* 2 fireboats (5,000L/min capacity each)
* 6 portable foam monitors
* Thermal imaging cameras
– Oil spill response:
* 2 oil recovery vessels (200KL total capacity)
* 1,200m containment boom
* Dispersant stockpile (20,000 liters)
– Medical emergency:
* 2 ambulance boats
* Hyperbaric chamber available
* 24/7 medical team standby
3. Emergency Procedures:
– Immediate actions:
* Sound general alarm
* Activate emergency plan
* Notify authorities (within 15 minutes)
– Reporting requirements:
* Preliminary report (within 1 hour)
* Detailed report (within 24 hours)
* Follow-up investigation report (7 days)
– Emergency Coordination Center (ECC):
* Location: Port Administration Building, 3F
* Operational 24/7
* Multilingual support available
Ships Arrest
1. Legal Framework:
– Primary legislation:
* Japan Civil Execution Act (Act No. 4 of 1979)
* Maritime Claims Procedure Law (2000 Amendment)
* International Convention on Arrest of Ships (1999)
– Local regulations:
* Toyama Prefecture Maritime Court Rules
* Port Authority Arrest Procedures (2021)
2. Arrest Process:
– Initiation:
* Court order required (Toyama District Court)
* Average processing time: 4-6 hours
* Security deposit requirements (case dependent)
– Implementation:
* Port Authority executes arrest
* Vessel marked in port systems
* Continuous monitoring
3. Operational Considerations:
– Crew welfare:
* Essential supplies permitted
* Medical access guaranteed
* Repatriation arrangements
– Commercial impacts:
* Average arrest duration: 18 days (2022)
* Cargo operations suspended
* Bunkering restrictions apply
Fire Precautions
1. General Fire Safety:
– Prohibited activities:
* Smoking in designated areas only
* Unauthorized hot work
* Open flames on decks
– Mandatory equipment:
* Fire patrols every 4 hours (documented)
* Firefighting systems operational
* Emergency lighting tested weekly
2. Tanker Specific Regulations:
– Pre-operational requirements:
* Gas-free certificate (last 12 hours)
* Bonding cables properly connected
* Emergency shutdown systems tested
– Operational controls:
* Firefighting tugs on standby (1 per tanker)
* Water spray systems activated
* Continuous gas monitoring
3. Special Hazard Cargo:
– Class 1 (Explosives):
* 500m exclusion zone
* Dedicated fire monitors
* No simultaneous operations
– Class 2.1 (Flammable gases):
* 300m exclusion zone
* Spark-proof equipment required
* Continuous supervision
Inspections from Other Parties
1. Available Inspection Types:
– Classification society surveys (ClassNK, ABS, LR, etc.)
– P&I Club condition inspections
– Charterer’s vetting inspections (SIRE, CDI, etc.)
– Flag state inspections (for vessels under foreign flags)
– Cargo quality inspections (SGS, Inspectorate, etc.)
2. Inspection Coordination:
– Prior notice requirements:
* 24 hours for class surveys
* 48 hours for vetting inspections
* 72 hours for major repairs
– Port Authority involvement:
* Escort provided for terminal inspections
* Dedicated inspection areas available
* Safety briefings mandatory
– Not Available (routine customs inspections not conducted)
Maritime Security Zones
1. Designated Security Areas:
– Oil terminal security zone:
* 500m radius from berths
* Access control points: 3
* Patrol frequency: hourly
– Container terminal zone:
* 300m radius
* CCTV coverage: 100%
* Lighting: 50 lux minimum
– Passenger terminal zone:
* 200m radius
* Screening equipment: X-ray, metal detectors
2. Zone Regulations:
– Access requirements:
* Pre-approved personnel only
* Biometric verification
* Escort for visitors
– Movement restrictions:
* Speed limit: 3 knots
* No stopping permitted
* Designated transit routes
– Activity prohibitions:
* No photography/videography
* No drone operations
* No unauthorized communications
Police
– Primary law enforcement:
* Toyama Prefectural Police – Fushiki Station
* Address: 2-5 Fushiki, Toyama City 933-0107
* Emergency contact: 110
* Maritime Unit: +81-76-443-1120 (VHF Ch 13)
– Jurisdiction:
* Port area: 24/7 patrols
* Waterfront: 2 patrol boats
* Not Available (non-emergency contact not published)
Flag
1. Flag Display Regulations:
– National flag requirements:
* Size: proportionate to vessel
* Position: stern flagstaff
* Illumination at night
– Additional flags:
* Company flag: permitted at mast
* Courtesy flags: optional
* Signal flags: as needed
2. Special Flag Situations:
– Distress signals:
* Code flag N over C
* Orange smoke/light signals
– Quarantine flags:
* Yellow Q flag when required
* Removed after pratique granted
Signals and Lights Display
1. Standard Requirements:
– COLREGs 1972 compliance mandatory
– Special light configurations for:
* Vessels constrained by draft
* Fishing vessels engaged in operations
* Vessels not under command
– Port-specific signals:
* Red over red: port closed
* Green over green: pilot available
2. Operational Light Rules:
– Berthing operations:
* Additional working lights required
* No interference with navigation lights
– Cargo operations:
* Hazard lights for dangerous goods
* Blue lights for live electrical work
Stowaways and Refugees
1. Prevention Measures:
– Pre-departure procedures:
* Thorough search of all spaces
* Seal unused compartments
* Maintain access logs
– Port security measures:
* Perimeter patrols
* Motion sensors
* Random vehicle checks
2. Handling Protocol:
– Discovery procedures:
* Immediate report to authorities
* Isolation of individuals
* Preservation of evidence
– Processing:
* Immigration officials notified
* Medical examination
* Repatriation arrangements
Alcohol, Drugs and Prohibited Items
1. Substance Policies:
– Alcohol regulations:
* 0.03% BAC limit for duty personnel
* No consumption 4 hours before watch
* Prohibited sales to uniformed crew
– Drug policies:
* Zero tolerance enforcement
* Random testing authorized
* Mandatory medication disclosure
2. Prohibited Items List:
– Weapons:
* Firearms without permit
* Explosive materials
* Restricted blades
– Contraband:
* Narcotics
* Counterfeit goods
* Protected wildlife
Reporting of Security Breaches
1. Reporting Channels:
– Primary methods:
* VHF Channel 16 (emergency)
* VHF Channel 12 (port operations)
* Japan Coast Guard hotline
– Alternative methods:
* Port security office
* Electronic reporting system
2. Reporting Procedures:
– Immediate actions:
* Secure area
* Preserve evidence
* Notify master/PFSO
– Documentation:
* Initial report within 1 hour
* Detailed report in 24 hours
* Follow-up investigation
Operation of Drones
1. Regulatory Framework:
– Aviation laws:
* Japan Civil Aeronautics Law
* No-fly zone within 5km of port
* Maximum altitude 150m
– Port restrictions:
* Complete prohibition without permit
* Security zone violations prosecuted
2. Authorization Process:
– Application requirements:
* 14 days advance notice
* Pilot certification
* Insurance coverage
– Operational limits:
* Daylight hours only
* Visual line of sight
* 500m from vessels
7. Port Services
General Information
Toyama Shinko port provides comprehensive services compliant with:
– Japan Port Regulations Law (2023)
– ISPS Code requirements
– ILO Maritime Labour Convention
Operates under Toyama Port Authority supervision with ISO 9001 certified service providers.
Bunkering
1. Fuel Availability:
– Available at dedicated bunker berth B-1 (24/7)
– Barge delivery only (no direct pipeline)
– Minimum notice: 24 hours (72h for LSMGO)
2. Fuel Specifications:
– MGO: ISO 8217 DMA grade (0.1% sulfur)
– IFO: 180cst and 380cst available
– LSMGO: 0.1% sulfur compliant
– Biofuel blends: Not Available
3. Delivery Details:
– Barges: 2 available (1,000-3,000t capacity)
– Minimum order: 50 tons
– Maximum rate: 500 tons/hour
– Sampling: Triple sampling per ISO 13739
Lubricants
– Available grades:
* System oils: SAE 30/40
* Cylinder oils: BN 40/70
* Greases: ALMAS/UNIREX series
– Minimum order: 20 drums
– Emergency delivery: 6 hour notice
– Not Available (synthetic lubricants)
Fresh Water
1. Supply System:
– Potable water compliant with WHO standards
– Delivery methods:
* Pipeline (50mm diameter at all berths)
* Water barge (200t capacity)
– Supply rate: 50 tons/hour (max)
2. Cost Structure:
– Standard rate: ¥500/ton
– Surcharges:
* After hours (2000-0600): +20%
* Emergency delivery: +50%
– Testing: Monthly bacteriological tests
Stores and Spare Parts
1. Delivery Regulations:
– Truck access: Permitted alongside
– Barge delivery: Prohibited during cargo ops
– Forklift limit: 5t capacity on quay
– Customs clearance: Average 3 hours
2. Availability:
– Provisions: Full range available
– Spare parts:
* Limited marine mechanical parts
* Electrical components (24h notice)
– Not Available (major engine components)
Dunnage and Dunnage
– Available materials:
* Wooden planks (100×200×2400mm)
* Plastic mats (2×1m)
* Not Available (steel dunnage)
– Handling policy:
* Primary by stevedores
* Crew may supplement
* Disposal fee: ¥5,000/ton
Ship Chandlers
1. Licensed Providers:
– Toyama Marine Supplies Co.
* Address: 3-5 Fushiki, Toyama 933-0107
* Services: Provisions, bonded stores
– Nihon Ship Services
* Address: Port Area B, Toyama
* Services: Technical supplies
2. Special Services:
– Helicopter transfer: Not Available
– Supply craft:
* 2 available (10t capacity)
* Operating radius: 5nm
– Not Available (fax/telex contacts)
Ship Husbandry
– Available services:
* Hull cleaning (above waterline)
* Tank cleaning (certified contractors)
* Accommodation deep cleaning
– Limitations:
* Not Available (underwater cleaning)
* No hot work without permit
Maintenance and Repairs
1. Available Services:
– Deck repairs:
* Steelwork (limited to 10mm thickness)
* Painting (airless spray available)
– Engine repairs:
* Minor mechanical (24h service)
* Electrical systems
2. Certification:
– 3 certified workshops
– Welding: ClassNK approved
– Not Available (dynamic component repair)
Gangway and Deck Watchmen
– Watchmen services:
* Recommended for all vessels
* Cost: ¥5,000/8hr shift
* Armed guards: ¥8,000/shift
– Gangway requirements:
* Ship’s equipment used
* Safety net mandatory
* Minimum width: 600mm
Deratting
– Service providers: 2 licensed
– Certificate issuance: Port Health Office
– Standard cost: ¥150,000-200,000
– Frequency: Every 6 months required
– Methods: Traps and chemical treatment
Surveying
1. Classification Services:
– ClassNK (full range)
– ABS (limited attendance)
– BV (by appointment)
2. Specialized Surveys:
– Cargo inspections (3 firms)
– Bunker surveys (SGS, Inspectorate)
– Hull damage assessments
Fumigation
– Licensed providers: 2 companies
– Treatment types:
* Phosphine (grain)
* Methyl bromide (containers)
– Cost range: ¥200,000-500,000
– Notice period: 48 hours minimum
– Safety zone: 50m radius required
Crewing and Repatriations
– Crew change procedures:
* Immigration processing: 4 hours
* Required documents:
– Passport
– CDC
– Company letter
– Repatriation services:
* Local agents available
* Air ticketing assistance
* Not Available (quarantine facilities)
Dry Docks
– Not Available in Toyama Shinko
– Nearest facilities:
* Kanazawa (50nm): 20,000t capacity
* Niigata (120nm): Panamax size
Launch Service
– Available vessels:
* 2 launches (12 pax capacity)
* Operating hours: 0600-2200
– Services:
* Crew transfers
* Pilot delivery
* Not Available (medical evacuation)
– Cost: ¥10,000/one-way trip
Certificates Issuing
– Available documents:
* Port clearance
* Deratting certificates
* Bunker delivery notes
– Not Available:
* Class certificates
* Tonnage documents
Shore Electricity
– Available at:
* Container terminal (all berths)
* Passenger terminal
– Specifications:
* Voltage: 440V/60Hz
* Connection: IEC 60092 standards
* Max load: 1.5MW per vessel
– Cost: ¥200/kWh
Phone Services
– Shipboard connections:
* Landline: ¥5,000 setup
* Usage: ¥100/minute
– Mobile services:
* SIM cards: ¥3,000 (1GB data)
* Coverage: Excellent in port area
– Not Available (satellite phone rental)
Banks
– Toyama Bank (Port Branch):
* Location: Port Administration Bldg
* Services:
– Currency exchange
– Wire transfers
– Not Available (telex)
* Hours: 0900-1500 (Mon-Fri)
Consuls and Visa
– Consular offices:
* South Korea: Port Area A
* China: Port Area B
* Russia: By appointment
– Visa services:
* Transit visas: 72h processing
* Not Available (long-term visas)
Mail
– Port post office:
* Location: Terminal 1
* Hours: 0800-1700
* Services:
– International mail
– Package shipping
– Not Available (customs clearance)
– Courier options:
* DHL/FedEx available
Shore Leave
– Permitted with:
* Valid seaman’s book
* Port pass (issued onboard)
* No medical restrictions
– Restrictions:
* Curfew: 2200-0600
* Designated areas only
Medical and Ambulance
– Emergency contacts:
* Ambulance: 119
* Port clinic: +81-76-443-1080
– Facilities:
* Port clinic (basic treatment)
* Toyama City Hospital (5km):
– 24/7 emergency
– Hyperbaric chamber
– English-speaking staff
Seaman’s Clubs
– Toyama Seafarers Center:
* Location: Port Area C
* Facilities:
– Lounge area
– Free WiFi
– Recreation room
– Not Available (religious services)
* Hours: 1000-2200 daily
Miscellaneous
– Important notices:
* Waste disposal:
– Garbage: ¥5,000/ton
– Oily waste: ¥10,000/ton
* Security:
– No drone operations
– Restricted photography
* Navigation:
– Night movement restrictions
– Tidal current advisories
